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If you don't have: |
You can substitute: |
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unbleached flour, 1 cup |
all-purpose flour, 1 cup |
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all-purpose flour, 1 cup |
unbleached flour, 1 cup; or 1 1/8 cups cake flour |
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graham flour, 1 cup |
whole wheat flour, 1 cup |
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baking powder |
2 parts cream of tartar with 1 part baking soda and 1/4 part salt (this is not storable; must use right away) |
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milk, 1 cup |
1/3 cup dry milk powder and 1 cup water; or 1/2 cup evaporated milk and 1/2 cup water |
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buttermilk, 1 cup |
1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar to 1 cup milk and let stand 5 minutes; or 1 cup plain yogurt |
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sweetened condensed milk, 1 cup |
1 cup instant powdered milk, 1/2 cup granulated sugar, 1/3 cup hot water, 1 tablespoon melted butter; blend; refrigerate |
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dairy cultured sour cream, 1 cup |
plain yogurt, 1 cup; or 3/4 cup sour milk and 1/3 cup melted butter; or 1 cup evaporated milk and 1 tablespoon lemon juice |
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yogurt |
any of the following, but only in small (less than 1/3 cup) amounts: dairy sour cream; creme fraiche; buttermilk; heavy (whipping)cream; prepared mayonnaise |
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butter |
margarine; shortening; apple sauce; pureed prunes; mashed over ripe bananas |
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1 whole egg |
2 egg whites; 2 egg yolks; 1/4 cup packaged egg substitute product; 2 tablespoons vegetable oil and 1 tablespoon water |
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unsweetened chocolate, 1 ounce |
3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder and 1 tablespoon vegetable oil; or 3 tablespoons carob powder and 2 tablespoons water |
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semisweet chocolate, 1 ounce |
3 tablespoons semisweet chocolate pieces; or 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate and 1 tablespoon granulated sugar |
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sweet baking chocolate, 4 ounces |
1/4 cup unsweetened baking cocoa powder, 3 tablespoons vegetable oil, and 1/3 cup granulated sugar |
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white chocolate |
there is no good substitute although you can try the commercial candy, "white almond bark." Do not substitute white confectionery coating |
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molasses, 1 cup |
1 cup honey; or 3/4 cup brown sugar and 1/4 cup water; with either substitute, increase other spices |
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honey, 1 cup |
1 1/4 cups granulated sugar and 1/4 cup water |
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corn syrup, 1 cup |
1 1/4 cups granulated sugar and 1/3 cup water, boil until a syrup |
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white granulated sugar, 1 cup |
3/4 cup honey and 1/4 cup all-purpose flour |
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brown sugar, 1 cup |
1 cup white granulated sugar and 1/4 cup molasses |